Javascript - Done

Javascript:
closure(parent function's parameters in child)
hoisting
var, let, const
callback
promises
exception handling
async loops
function chaining

Javascript
What is DOM?

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for HTML and XML(Extensible markup language) documents. It defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated.

Note: It is called as a Logical structure because DOM doesn’t specify any relationship between objects.

DOM is a way to represent the webpage in the structured hierarchical way so that it will become easier for programmers and users to glide through the document. With DOM, we can easily access and manipulate tags, IDs, classes, Attributes or Elements using commands or methods provided by Document object.

what are the javascript ES releases?

As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the following were the ECMAScript (ES) releases up to that point:

1. **ES1 (ECMAScript 1st Edition - 1997):** The initial version of the ECMAScript standard.

2. **ES2 (ECMAScript 2nd Edition - 1998):** A minor update with clarifications and corrections.

3. **ES3 (ECMAScript 3rd Edition - 1999):** Introduced many new features including Regular Expressions, try/catch, and more.

4. **ES4 (Abandoned):** The development of ES4 was abandoned due to disagreements within the standards committee.

5. **ES5 (ECMAScript 5th Edition - 2009):** Added "strict mode," JSON support, and other improvements.

6. **ES6/ES2015 (ECMAScript 6th Edition - 2015):** A major update with features like arrow functions, classes, modules, Promises, and more.

7. **ES2016 (ECMAScript 2016):** Introduced the exponentiation operator (`**`).

8. **ES2017 (ECMAScript 2017):** Added features like `async`/`await`, `Object.values()`, and `Object.entries()`.

9. **ES2018 (ECMAScript 2018):** Introduced features like asynchronous iteration, `Rest`/`Spread` properties, and more.

10. **ES2019 (ECMAScript 2019):** Added features like Array `flat()`/`flatMap()`, `Object.fromEntries()`, and more.

11. **ES2020 (ECMAScript 2020):** Introduced features like optional chaining (`?.`), nullish coalescing (`??`), and more.

12. **ES2021 (ECMAScript 2021):** Added features like `String.prototype.replaceAll()`, `Promise.any()`, and more.

It's important to note that the naming convention shifted from using version numbers (ES1, ES2, etc.) to using the year of the release (ES2015, ES2016, etc.) starting with ES6 to better reflect the annual release cycle of the language features.

For the most current information, I recommend checking the official ECMAScript specification or related resources, as new versions of the standard may have been released since my last update.